Method for capturing and transmitting motion data

ABSTRACT

In a method for capturing and transmitting motion data (s 1 ) from a transmitter ( 103, 203 ) to a receiver ( 104, 204 ), motion data is captured by a capturing device ( 102, 202 ) at the transmitter end, said capturing device ( 102, 202 ) registering the motion of an object ( 106, 206 ) by means of at least one sensor ( 101, 201 ) and converting the registered motion into a digital signal (i 2 ). Said digital signal is fed to the receiver, which embeds the data of the digital signal (i 2 ) in a series (i 3 ) of data and transmits said series of data to a receiver. In addition to or instead of the data of the digital signal, the series of data transmitted by the transmitter contains context data which the receiver uses to interpret and process the originally captured motion data within a defined context.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the United States national phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2011/000408, filed on Jan. 28, 2011 and claiming priority to German Application No. 102010008301.1, filed on Feb. 17, 2010.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

Embodiments of the invention relate to the transmission and use of motion capture information.

2. Background of the Related Art

The use of information technology devices to capture and transmit motion information is becoming increasingly common. For instance, in the development of user interface surfaces, motion information from users generated by means of motion captured by a sensor is more commonly being used to replace keyboard entries.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments provide methods for capturing motion information, in which a capturing device at the transmitter end registers the motion of an object, by means of at least one sensor, and converts it into a digital signal that is fed to the transmitter. The transmitter embeds the data from the digital signal fed to it by the capturing device in a data sequence and transmits this data sequence to a receiver. In addition to or instead of data from the digital signal, the data sequence sent by the transmitter contains context data that the receiver uses to process the originally captured motion information within a defined context.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The figures show:

FIG. 1 a first preferred embodiment of this invention,

FIG. 2 an additional preferred embodiment of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to embodiments of the invention, in addition to or instead of data from the digital signal, the data sequence sent by the transmitter contains context data that the receiver uses to process the originally captured motion information within a defined context. This feature is based on the assumption that the movements of an object can have certain meanings within a defined context, which may differ depending on the context. For example, in many cases a person nodding his head indicates assent. Shaking the head, on the other hand, in many cases indicates refusal or lack of assent.

However, contexts are also conceivable in which a sideways head motion directs the observer's attention to the indicated side, or in which a nod of the head means “vertical” or “upward.” The same is true for movements of other body parts or the entire body of a person. A human observer will generally be able to interpret the meaning of such motions correctly within a defined context.

If the motion information is to be interpreted and further processed by a machine, it will generally be helpful if the interpreting machine at the receiving end is provided with references, coming from the transmitter or from a device connected to it, as to how the motions are to be interpreted. These references will generally be in the form of text strings, such as keywords or textual explanations of the motion occurrence.

Continuing with the head motion example, the following possible context data are conceivable, depending on the situation: “Yes/No/move upward/move downward/move to the right/move to the left.” These context data can be further confirmed by providing spatial coordinates and time input. However, it is conceivable for context data to be transmitted instead of such spatial coordinates or time inputs, because the meaning of the motion information is already completely clear from its context data.

In the description of this invention, motion information should be understood to mean any type of information that allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the movement of an object such as a human user of an information technology device. In particular, such information should be understood to include that acquired by a capturing device using a sensor. Typical examples of such information are video sequences or data derived or extracted from such video sequences, such as motion vectors or similar information. The concept should further include any type of data that can be inferred from such information, such as spatial coordinates, velocities, acceleration rates of moving objects with or without related time references, or similar information.

In the description of the invention, a capturing device should be understood to mean any type of device or equipment that is capable of capturing motion information from objects and converting it into a digital signal. Such a capturing device uses or contains one or more sensors for this purpose. Examples of such sensors are video cameras, acceleration sensors, magnetic detectors, or similar devices.

Because the motion information is derived from natural origins, the data collected by the sensor are generally in analog form. They must be converted into a digital format for further digital processing. The concepts of “digital signal” and “digital data” that are commonly recognized in this field are herein used synonymously in describing this invention. Similarly, a digital signal that can vary over time should be understood to mean a sequence of data over time.

Data or data sequences can be embedded in other data sequences such that, by adding one or more first data sequences to a second data sequence, a third data sequence can be created that contains the first and second data sequences as partial sequences within it. In this way, the sequential order of the data over time can be changed. A typical example of such embedding often seen in this field is inputting a first data set into a second data set that consists of address information or routing information, for example, and in which user data that are to be sent with the help of this address and routing information are embedded. Such data sets or data sequences are also often designated as data packets.

All concepts used in connection with the description of this invention should be understood as having the meanings commonly understood by those familiar with the field, based on their specialized or common knowledge.

The invention is described below in more detail based on preferred exemplary embodiments and with reference to the figures.

Embodiments are based on the idea, for capturing and transmitting motion information from a transmitter to a receiver, of first capturing this motion information s1, wherein a capturing device 102, 202 at the transmitter end 103, 203 registers the motion of an object 106, 206, by means of at least one transmitter sensor 101, 201, and converts it into a digital signal i3 that is fed to the transmitter 103, 203. The transmitter embeds the data from the digital signal i2, fed to it from the capturing device, in a data sequence i3 and transmits this data sequence to a receiver 104, 204. In addition to or instead of data from the digital signal, the data sequence sent by the transmitter contains context data used by the receiver to process the originally captured motion information within a defined context.

As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the sensor 101 detects the movements of an object—e.g., a person—and initially converts the motion information s1 into an analog sensor signal i1. These analog sensor data are then converted by a capturing device 102 into digital data i2 and fed to a transmitter 103. The transmitter embeds these digital data in a data sequence i3 and sends this data sequence to a receiver 104. The receiver 104 can then use the received data, which contain the motion information from the object 106, to process that information and use it to output user data s2, for example. For this purpose, the receiver can send a piece of information i4 to an output device 105, which then outputs the user information s2.

As shown schematically in FIG. 2, the user 206 whose motion information s1 is captured and a user 207 to whom the user information s2 is provided by means of output device 205 do not have to be the same person. The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is appropriate for controlling the interaction of a user 106 with an information system by means of body movements, for example. The exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2 is appropriate primarily for using motion information s1 to transmit a message from a user 206 to a second user 207 who may be at a different location. The user does not necessarily have to be a person. It can also be a system that is capable of interpreting this user information. For example, “nod head” or “shake head” may be used to move through a voice menu.

According to the invention, in addition to or instead of data from the digital signal i2, the data sequence i3 sent by the transmitter 103, 203 contains context data that the receiver 104, 204 uses to process the originally captured motion information i1 within a defined context. This feature of the invention is based on the assumption that the movements of an object 106 can have certain meanings within a defined context, which may differ depending on the context. For example, in many cases a person nodding his head indicates assent. Shaking the head, however, in many cases indicates refusal or lack of assent.

However, contexts are also conceivable in which a sideways head motion directs the observer's attention to the indicated side, or in which a nod of the head means vertical or upward. The same is true for movements of other body parts or the entire body of a person. A human observer will generally be able to interpret the meaning of such motions correctly within a defined context.

If the motion information is to be interpreted and further processed by a machine, it will generally be helpful if the interpreting machine at the receiving end is provided with references, coming from the transmitter or from a device connected to it, as to how the motions are to be interpreted. These references will generally be in the form of text strings, such as keywords or textual explanations of the motion occurrence.

Continuing with the head motion example, the following possible context data are conceivable, depending on the situation: “Yes/No/move upward/move downward/move to the right/move to the left.” These context data can be further confirmed by providing spatial coordinates and time input. However, it is conceivable for context data to be transmitted instead of such spatial coordinates or time inputs, because the meaning of the motion information is already completely clear from its context data.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transmitted motion information enables the receiver to output the user information s2 corresponding to that motion information. Therefore, for example, if the sensor registers a sideways head movement, a piece of user information in the form of a “move to the right” text string is output to the receiver. Depending on the related application, it may be advantageous for the user information to be output optically and/or acoustically. This is especially easy to accomplish if the context information already contains the message to be output, so that on the receiving end the corresponding text message simply has to be displayed optically or output acoustically using a voice synthesizer.

This invention is also advantageously suited for transmitting motion information via a packet-based network. Because the invention transmits the captured motion information in data sequence form anyway, it is easy to embed these data sequences in the packets required by certain protocols and send them in this way. Important examples of such network protocols are the Internet protocol and its related protocols, such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Session Description Protocol (SDP), or the related Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). This is briefly explained below using the example of a SIP Info Message.

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a network protocol used to create, control, and terminate a communication session involving two or more participants. The protocol is specified in RFC 3261, among others. SIP is a commonly used protocol for IP telephony. One possibility is to handle the transmission of the actual motion information in the SIP protocol, or a “motion transmission protocol” can be generated in the SDP.

The Session Description Protocol (SDP) is described in RFC4566. This protocol is used within the SIP protocol to generate the parameters for RTP communication. The capabilities of the participating communication terminals are defined here (supported Codecs, Codec parameters, IP addresses, and ports). In a preferred exemplary embodiment of this invention, motion parameters such as formats are traded between terminals for later transmission of the motion information.

The Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a protocol for continuous transmission of audiovisual data (streams) via IP-based networks. The protocol was first standardized in RFC 1889 in 1996. An updated RFC was published in 2003. RFC 3550 replaced RFC 1889 at that time. It is used to transport multimedia data streams (audio, video, text, etc.) via networks, i.e., encoding, packetizing, and sending the data. RTP is a packet-based protocol and is normally operated using UDP. RTP can be used either for Unicast connections or for Multicast communication on the Internet. RTP is used in many areas, including use in IP telephone technologies H.323 and SIP to transmit audio/video streams of the conversation. The primary function of RTP is to transmit real-time-sensitive data streams that direct and control the data transmission during protocols such as the Session Description Protocol (SDP) or the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP).

In the so-called Backus-Naur Form (BNF notation), this protocol can be expanded to transmit motion information, as in the following example:

-   motion=(“Motion”) HCOLON motion-spec -   motion-spec=(coord-spec/time-spec/context-spec)*(SEMI motion-spec) -   coord-spec=(“x=”/“y=”/“z=”)*(DIGIT) -   time-spec=“time=”*(DIGIT) -   context-spec=“context=”     (“yes”/“no”/“move_up”/“move_down”/“move_right”/“move_left”).

From the example of a modified SIP INFO message given here, it can be seen that a new SIP protocol element was added in order to transmit this type of information. In this example, a “motion header field” is added to the SIP protocol and includes the relative changes in the respective direction, i.e., in the X, Y, Z direction, as well as the time interval within which these changes are applied. In information technology, metadata are designated as a “header” at the beginning of a file or data block. They can be used to describe the file format or for other inputs such as the origin of the data.

It is also conceivable to measure and transmit acceleration values, i.e., the relative deviation from the last position, instead of motion values. In addition, this new header field contains an optional context parameter to which certain context values can be assigned by the transmitter of the SIP message. For example, for certain application cases where in the context “move_left” is sent, it causes a certain action in the SIP server.

In this way, an SIP server is not burdened with calculating the X, Y, Z values and times and determining a possible action; instead this server can simply use the context value. In addition, this context value can also be calculated at the “client end”, i.e. from the side of one or more so-called clients, so that it expresses the participant's specific capabilities. For example, a handicapped participant cannot always make the same motions as an able-bodied participant. However, if the client at that participant's end is configured so that it can interpret the specifically reduced movements of that participant and assign the correct context, then that client can assign the appropriate context parameters to the message.

That SIP INFO message is then sent to the SIP server, which can initiate the appropriate actions. For example, information such as nods, shakes, or directional indications of the head can be detected and related information can be displayed on a screen.

A further variation is to transmit this information in RTP data streams via so-called events. In this case, motion information is transmitted from terminal to terminal, i.e., from SIP phone to SIP phone. For this application case, new so-called “named events” are defined and are transmitted “end-to-end” to the other terminal (SIP device). This other SIP device can be a voice menu system, for example, that initiates certain actions based on a nod or shake of the head.

This invention thus proposes a method by which, using a device that captures motion information and makes that information available to a SIP phone, the information is transmitted within the SIP protocol by means of a new SIP header field or within the RTP protocol as an event. Such a device can be a headset that contains motion sensors, for example, or it could also be a type of joystick.

A headset is a combination of headphones and microphone that permits two-way communication (hearing and speaking). In the German-speaking world it is commonly designated by the English term “headset.”

SIP phones are a type of telephone that is based on Voice-over-IP and uses the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The conversation is sent over the Internet in individual data packets. SIP phones can consist of a standalone device (hard phone), a telephone adapter plus a standard telephone, or a software solution on a PC or PDA (soft phone). There are both cabled (generally Ethernet) and wireless (generally WLAN) variations.

Information (regarding the X direction, Y direction, Z direction, for example) is transmitted from the headset to the SIP phone and there is input into the SIP protocol. The SIP protocol can be expanded for this as follows:

-   INFO sip:sipserver.de:5060 SIP/2.0 -   Max-Forwards: 70 -   Content-Length: 0 -   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.1.100:5060; branch=z9hG4bKd9ef3b8fa -   Call-ID: 675c30257bcc371 -   From: sip:1000@192.168.1.100;tag=5c2ff2291b64b21 -   To: sip:2000@192.168.1.88 -   CSeq: 17 INFO -   Motion: x=1;y=44;z=34;time=10;context=move_left

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the communication modalities are agreed upon between the transmitter and the receiver by means of a protocol that allows the motion information to be transmitted using a data format intended specifically for that purpose. Such a communication modality agreement protocol can be the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), for example, which can be expanded for the purposes of this invention as shown in the exemplary embodiment described above, for example. Here the data format can preferably allow for the transmission of spatial coordinates, time inputs, and context data. In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the motion information is transmitted by means of a suitable protocol such as the Real-Time Transport protocol (RTP). 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for capturing and transmitting motion information from a transmitter to a receiver, comprising: capturing motion information via a capturing device at a transmitter location registering motion of an object via at least one sensor and converting the registered motion into a digital signal that is sent to a first communication terminal at the transmitter location, data of the digital signal comprising features derived or extracted from video sequences; determining context data based on the data of the digital signal by the first communication terminal; sending the context data by the first communication terminal together with the data from the digital signal or instead of the data from the digital signal, to a receiver, the receiver being a second communication terminal or a server communication device, the context data describing a gesture made by the object by identifying a relative change in a relative direction of the object and a meaning of that identified relative change, at least one of the first communication terminal and the receiver having a Voice-over-IP function to transmit or receive the context data; triggering, by the receiver, at least one action based on the context data that is sent by the first communication terminal to the receiver.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitted data sent to the receiver enables the receiver to output user information corresponding to the captured motion information.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the user information is output audio-visually.
 4. The method of claim 1, comprising transmitting data of the captured motion information via a packet-based network.
 5. The method of claim 4, comprising agreeing upon communications modalities between the first communication terminal and the receiver via a protocol that enables the context data to be transmitted using a specialized data format.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the specialized data format enables the transmission of the context data to include spatial coordinates and time inputs.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the communications modalities are agreed upon using Session Initiation Protocol and the data of the digital signal is transmitted using Real-Time Transport Protocol.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the data from the digital signal comprises information of at least one member of the group consisting of motion vectors, spatial coordinates, velocities, acceleration rates of the moved object, and time information associated with at least one of the motion vectors, the spatial coordinates, the velocities, and the acceleration rates.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the context data comprises a textual description of a motion sequence and a meaning of the motion sequence.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the data of the digital signal and the context data are transmitted from the first communication terminal to the receiver in a data stream via events and wherein the receiver is the second communication terminal.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the capturing device is comprised of a headset equipped with motion sensors for recording movements of a person wearing the headset.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication terminal is a Session Initiation Protocol phone.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first communication terminal and the receiver is comprised of a computer or personal digital assistant equipped with software that provides the Voice-over-IP function.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein receiver is a telephone, the at least one sensor comprises a video camera, and wherein the context data is comprised of information identifying an affirmative response based on data of the digital signal indicating the object moved upward and downwards received by the first communication terminal from the capturing device.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the context data is sent by the first communication terminal in a message formed in accordance with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) having a motion header field and includes information identifying a direction of motion and information defining a context of that motion information.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the information defining the context of the motion comprises information identifying that a yes response is indicated by upward motion or downward motion and that a no response is indicated by leftward motion or rightward motion.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the information defining the context of the motion comprises information identifying that a response to direct a focus of attention to an observer of the object is indicated by upward motion, downward motion, or sideward motion.
 18. A system for capturing and transmitting motion data, comprising: a capturing device; at least one sensor communicatively connected to the capturing device, the sensor configured to generate motion data based on motion of an object detected by the sensor, the sensor configured to send the generated motion data to the capturing device; the capturing device configured to register motion of the object based on the motion data received from the sensor and convert the motion data into a digital signal, data of the digital signal comprising features derived or extracted from video sequences; a first communication terminal communicatively connected to the capturing device; the capturing device configured to send the digital signal to the first communication terminal; the first communication terminal configured to generate context data based on the received digital signal, the context data describing a gesture made by the object by identifying a meaning of a motion detected by the capturing device based on the digital signal; a receiver communicatively connected to the first communication terminal, the receiver being a second communication terminal or a server computer device, the receiver configured to receive the context data from the first communication terminal and generate at least one piece of information based on the received context data for sending to an output device; and wherein at least one of the first communication terminal and the receiver has a Voice-over-IP function to transmit or receive the context data.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the receiver is a telephone or a computer and the output device is communicatively connected to the computer or the telephone.
 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the first communication terminal is a telephone and the receiver is a telephone, and wherein the at least one sensor is comprised of a video camera.
 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the context data is comprised of information indicating that an affirmative response is indicated by data of the digital signal indicating the object moved upward and downwards and a negative response is indicated by data of the digital signal indicating the object moved right and left.
 22. The system of claim 18, wherein the receiver is the server computer device.
 23. The system of claim 18, wherein the context data comprises: at least one of motion vectors, spatial coordinates, velocities, and acceleration rates of the moved object, and the context data also comprises time information associated with at least one of the motion vectors, the spatial coordinates, the velocities, and the acceleration rates.
 24. The system of claim 18, wherein the context data is sent by the first communication terminal in a message formed in accordance with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) having a motion header field and includes information identifying a direction of motion and information defining a context of that motion information.
 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the information defining the context of the motion comprises information identifying that a yes response is indicated by upward motion or downward motion and that a no response is indicated by leftward motion or rightward motion.
 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the information defining the context of the motion comprises information identifying that a response to direct attention to an observer of the object is indicated by upward motion, downward motion, or sideward motion. 